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Personality traits & Disorders

2 different scales: BIG FIVE and ISTJ-EIFP

The Big Five

1) Extraversion ----- Introversion.

2) Neuroticism ----- Pschoticism

3) ----- Agreeableness -----

4) ----- Conscientiousness -----

5) ----- Openness to experience -----

1)

Introversion refers to a tendency to prefer the world inside oneself.

- Shyness

- Distaste for social functions

- Love of privacy.

Extraversion is the tendency to look to the outside world, especially people, for one's pleasures. 

- Usually outgoing

- Enjoy social activities

- Uncomfortable when they are alone

The majority of people in the world are extraverts

America: extrovert = positive

Japan: extrovert = negative

2)

Neurotic = insecure, anxious, depressed, has irrational fears.

Psychotic individual has lost contact with reality

3) Agreeableness

High score = you tend to be friendly and accommodating (a nice person)

Low score = likely to be more idiosyncratic and have trouble getting along with people

≠ extraverted

Agreeable people are often:

- Conforming

- Compromising on their principles

Non-agreeable people are often:

- More likely to stick to what they think is right even if it's unpopular

4) Conscientiousness

High score = orderly, get their work done, arrive on time, and care about doing things right.

Low score = tend to slack off on your work, rarely worry about deadlines or neatness, and are more interested in taking it easy. SLACKER!!

5) Openness to experience

High score = more likely to:

- Enjoy cultural pursuits (art, music, dance, museums

- Desire to travel to exotic countries and meet people different from yourself. 

- Be open to new experiences / trying new things:

      * Foods
      * Listening to music from all over the world
      * Reading about philosophies and religions other than your own

Low score = more likely to seek out the McDonalds, even when you are in Paris or Bangkok.

ISTJ-EIFP

- Get all their information about life from their senses

- Tend to be realistic, down-to-earth people, but they often tend to see everything in overly simplistic, concrete, black-or-white terms.

Intuiting

- Get their information from intuition

- Tend to be a little out of touch with the more solid aspects of reality (a little flakey)

- Often artistic and can be rather philosophical

Majority of people are sensing

Western society tends to be distrustful of dreamers, artists, and intellectuals -- but other societies may be more appreciative.

Thinking people make their decisions on the basis of thinking

- Reasoning, logic, step-by-step problem solving.

- Works very well for physical problems, but can leave something to be desired when dealing with something as complex as people.

Feeling people make their decisions based on their feelings. 

- While this doesn't work so well when trying to fix you car or your computer, feelings are a kind of intuition that works very well when dealing with people.

50% of population are each, but majority of men are thinkers and the majority of women are feelers. 

So:

- Men tend to do better with step-by-step problem solving, especially involving mechanical things; BUT 30% are not!

- Women tend to do better in social situations. BUT 30% are not!

not a simple "men vs. women" kind of thing. 

Judging versus Perceiving

Judging people tend to be:

- Neat, orderly, hardworking, always on time, scheduling things very carefully. 

- Anal

Perceiving people tend to be:

- Spontaneous.

- Tend not to get things done

50% of pop are each.

Personality Disorders:

You are a bit:

- Antisocial
- Avoidant
- Dependent
- Borderline
- Histrionic
- Narcissistic
- Obsessive-Compulsive
- Paranoid
- Schizoid
- Schizotypal

Antisocial Personality Disorder

- Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors

- Deceitful

- Impulsive or fails to plan ahead

- Irritable and aggressive

- Reckless disregard for safety of self or others / disregard for other people's rights,

- Lack of remorse

Avoidant Personality Disorder

- Feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to what other people think about them, and social inhibition.

- Unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked

- Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed / Avoids occupational activities

- Preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations / Unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing

- Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others

Dependent Personality Disorder

- Needs to be taken care of / fears being abandoned from important individuals / preoccupied with fear of being left to take care of themselves

- "Clinging behavior"

- Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others

- Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval.

- Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on their own (because of a lack of self-confidence in judgment or abilities rather than a lack of motivation or energy)

- Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends

Borderline Personality Disorder

- Constantly changing interpersonal relationships characterized by instability.

- Shallow

- Impulsive / Difficulty controlling anger

- Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.

- Unstable self-image or sense of self

- Chronic feelings of emptiness

Histrionic Personality Disorder

- Excessive emotionality and attention seeking / theatrical

- Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are

- Uncomfortable in situations in which they are not the center of attention

- Flirtatious (inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior)

- Displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions

- Suggestible, i.e., easily influenced by others or circumstances

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Symptoms

- Has a grandiose sense of self-importance / believes they are "special" and unique / is arrogant

- Needs to be admired

- Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love

- Exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends / lacks empathy

- Often envious of others or believes that others are envious of them

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

- Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency,

- Excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships

- Reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things

- Hoarder: is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value

- Miserly: spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes

Paranoid Personality Disorder Symptoms

- Distrustful and suspicious of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent

- Reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her

- Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events

- Persistently bears grudges,

- Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack

Schizoid Personality Disorder

- Detached from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings

- Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family

- Almost always chooses solitary activities / loner / Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives

- Appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others

- Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

- Acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships

- Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar and odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g., superstitious, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or "sixth sense")

- Odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or stereotyped)

- Suspicious or paranoid

- Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives

- Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about self